What is the definition of plantar flexion?

Plantar flexion is defined as the movement of the foot where the toes point downward, effectively raising the heel off the ground. This action occurs at the ankle joint and involves extending the foot away from the leg. It is commonly seen in actions such as standing on tiptoes or pushing the gas pedal in a car. The term specifically describes the relationship of the foot with the ground, highlighting the downward motion associated with this movement.

Understanding this definition clarifies why the option that states "extending the foot" aligns with the correct terminology. The other options do not accurately describe plantar flexion. For instance, raising the foot generally implies lifting it without specifying the direction of the movement concerning bending or extending. Lowering the foot refers to bringing it down to meet the ground, which is not what plantar flexion entails, as it does not involve a downward thrust from an elevated position. Bending the toes involves flexion at the metatarsophalangeal joints rather than the ankle joint itself, which again diverges from the definition of plantar flexion.