Hawaii Massage License Practice Exam

Which part of the brain is responsible for controlling vital functions?

1. Cerebral cortex

2. Thalamus

3. Brain stem

4. Cerebellum

The correct answer is: Brain stem

The brain stem is responsible for controlling vital functions, as it plays a crucial role in regulating essential life-sustaining processes such as heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure. It comprises structures like the medulla oblongata and pons, which directly manage autonomic functions essential for survival. This region acts as a relay center for signals between the brain and the spinal cord, making it vital for maintaining homeostasis within the body. In contrast, the cerebral cortex is primarily involved in higher-level functions such as thought, reasoning, and voluntary muscle movements, which are not directly tied to regulating vital life functions. The thalamus serves largely as a sensory relay station, processing and transmitting sensory information rather than controlling autonomic bodily functions. Meanwhile, the cerebellum is responsible for balance, coordination, and fine motor skills but does not manage vital functions necessary for basic life processes.